First of all, when we're dealing with children, we need to set the parameters. The first parameter I would put is explaining that whenever we talk about many of the deep things of God, we're talking about a God who is infinite. So I would use examples to show the child that even in our own world there are things that we can observe, we can declare that they are true, but we cannot fully understand them. One of them would be, of course, in Scripture, the doctrine of the Trinity. Even the greatest minds exhaust themselves in the Trinity.
So I would be showing the child in the Scriptures that God is one. I would also go through the Scriptures and show where the Father is God by name and deed, where the Son is God by name and deed, and where the Spirit is God by name and deed. So then I would going on what I've already taught him, I would say there is an element of mystery, but this is what we can determine. There is one God who manifests Himself in three real, distinct, eternal persons.